Two weeks ago, U.S. Customs and Border Protection announced in the Federal Register (80 FR 44893):
U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) intends to conduct a test to collect biometric and biographic information from certain aliens who are departing the United States on selected flights from up to ten identified U.S. airports. This notice describes the test, its purpose, how it will be implemented, the individuals covered, the duration of the test, where the test will take place, and the privacy considerations. This test will not apply to U.S. citizens. … The test will begin no earlier than July 6, 2015, and will run for approximately one year.
The ten airports are Los Angeles (LAX), San Francisco (SFO), Miami (MIA), Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta (ATL), Chicago O’Hare (ORD), Newark Liberty (EWR), New York (JFK), Dallas-Fort Worth (DFW), Houston (IAH), and Mordor Washington Dulles (IAD).
As mentioned in the notice, in order to ensure that the “test will not apply to U.S. citizens”, CBP officers will ask that U.S. citizens show proof of citizenship when boarding the affected flights. They’re probably expecting that proof to be in the form of a U.S. passport; it’s not clear how they’ll react if you violate that expectation. Since 1994, 8 USC § 1185(b) has made it “unlawful” for U.S. citizens to enter or leave the U.S. without a U.S. passport, with limited exceptions for land and sea travel.
Meanwhile, the Senate continues to press its efforts to pay for Homeland highways by harassing the diaspora: they seek to confiscate the U.S. passports of citizens who did not provide SSNs with their passport applications, or limit their passports so that they cannot travel anywhere but the United States. The Senators seem to assume that 1185(b) would then function to trap these citizens in the Homeland until the IRS managed to extract the US$400 million in revenue which the Joint Committee on Taxation thinks can be claimed from them.
In reality, 1185(b) typically is enforced only on entry to the U.S., not on departure, and has lots of loopholes. However, the “biometric exit” test illustrates that the executive branch is taking steps which — although they are aimed primarily at enforcing U.S. immigration laws against non-citizens — will also have the effect of detecting departing citizens who are violating 1185(b). At this point I can only speculate about the impact.






